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991.
James D. Miller Charles S. Watson Judy R. Dubno Marjorie R. Leek 《Seminars in hearing》2015,36(4):273-283
Following an overview of theoretical issues in speech-perception training and of previous efforts to enhance hearing aid use through training, a multisite study, designed to evaluate the efficacy of two types of computerized speech-perception training for adults who use hearing aids, is described. One training method focuses on the identification of 109 syllable constituents (45 onsets, 28 nuclei, and 36 codas) in quiet and in noise, and on the perception of words in sentences presented in various levels of noise. In a second type of training, participants listen to 6- to 7-minute narratives in noise and are asked several questions about each narrative. Two groups of listeners are trained, each using one of these types of training, performed in a laboratory setting. The training for both groups is preceded and followed by a series of speech-perception tests. Subjects listen in a sound field while wearing their hearing aids at their usual settings. The training continues over 15 to 20 visits, with subjects completing at least 30 hours of focused training with one of the two methods. The two types of training are described in detail, together with a summary of other perceptual and cognitive measures obtained from all participants. 相似文献
992.
Theofano Panagea David H. Pincus Dorothy Grogono Melissa Jones Josephine Bryant Julian Parkhill R. Andres Floto Peter Gilligan 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2015,53(7):2355-2358
We determined that the Vitek MS Plus matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry using research-use-only (RUO) v.4.12 and in vitro-diagnostic (IVD) v.3.0 databases accurately identified 41 Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus and 13 M. abscessus subsp. massiliense isolates identified by whole-genome sequencing to the species but not the subspecies level, from Middlebrook 7H11 and Burkholderia cepacia selective agars. Peak analysis revealed three peaks potentially able to differentiate between subspecies. 相似文献
993.
Y.R. Song B. Wu Y.T. Yang J. Chen L.J. Zhang Z.W. Zhang H.Y. Shi C.L. Huang J.X. Pan P. Xie 《Brazilian journal of medical and biological research》2015,48(11):973-982
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common psychiatric mood disorder affecting more than 1-2%
of the general population of different European countries. Unfortunately, there is no
objective laboratory-based test to aid BD diagnosis or monitor its progression, and
little is known about the molecular basis of BD. Here, we performed a comparative
proteomic study to identify differentially expressed plasma proteins in various BD
mood states (depressed BD, manic BD, and euthymic BD) relative to healthy controls. A
total of 10 euthymic BD, 20 depressed BD, 15 manic BD, and 20 demographically matched
healthy control subjects were recruited. Seven high-abundance proteins were
immunodepleted in plasma samples from the 4 experimental groups, which were then
subjected to proteome-wide expression profiling by two-dimensional electrophoresis
and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight/time-of-flight tandem
mass spectrometry. Proteomic results were validated by immunoblotting and
bioinformatically analyzed using MetaCore. From a total of 32 proteins identified
with 1.5-fold changes in expression compared with healthy controls, 16 proteins were
perturbed in BD independent of mood state, while 16 proteins were specifically
associated with particular BD mood states. Two mood-independent differential
proteins, apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 and Apo L1, suggest that BD pathophysiology may be
associated with early perturbations in lipid metabolism. Moreover, down-regulation of
one mood-dependent protein, carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA-1), suggests it may be involved
in the pathophysiology of depressive episodes in BD. Thus, BD pathophysiology may be
associated with early perturbations in lipid metabolism that are independent of mood
state, while CA-1 may be involved in the pathophysiology of depressive episodes. 相似文献
994.
E. Likotrafiti K. M. Tuohy G. R. Gibson R. A. Rastall 《International journal of food sciences and nutrition》2016,67(2):83-91
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of two synbiotic combinations, Lactobacillus fermentum with short-chain fructooligosaccharides (FOS-LF) and Bifidobacterium longum with isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO-BL), against enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 and enteropathogenic E. coli O86. Antimicrobial activity was determined (1) by co-culturing the synbiotics and pathogens in batch cultures, and (2) with the three-stage continuous culture system (gut model), inoculated with faecal slurry from an elderly donor. In the co-culture experiments, IMO-BL was significantly inhibitory to both E. coli strains, while FOS-LF was slightly inhibitory or not inhibitory. Factors other than acid production appeared to play a role in the inhibition. In the gut models, both synbiotics effectively inhibited E. coli O157 in the first vessel, but not in vessels 2 and 3. E. coli O86 was not significantly inhibited. 相似文献
995.
996.
997.
Gwyneth R. Milbrath MSN MPH RN Pamela B. DeGuzman PhD MBA RN 《Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.)》2015,32(4):349-358
Researchers interested in measuring neighborhood‐level effects should understand how “neighborhood” is defined within nursing sciences and other sciences, and the inherent strengths and weaknesses of current research methodologies. This concept analysis provides clarity around the concept of neighborhood within the context of health, analyzes the current state of development of the neighborhood concept, and proposes areas for future nursing research. Using the Rodger's Method of analysis, the concept of neighborhood within nursing and public health research is described based on existing literature. The concept's attributes, related concepts, antecedents, and consequences are given from the literature. Comparisons of the use of neighborhood are made between nursing, public health, sociology, and other sciences. The evolution of the concept of neighborhood throughout history is described, and important implications for future research are discussed. 相似文献
998.
Ferulic acid chronic treatment exerts antidepressant-like effect: role of antioxidant defense system
999.
1000.
Anthony R. Flores Brittany E. Jewell Erika M. Versalovic Randall J. Olsen Beth A. Bachert Slawomir Lukomski James M. Musser 《Infection and immunity》2015,83(3):1122-1129
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) predominantly exists as a colonizer of the human oropharynx that occasionally breaches epithelial barriers to cause invasive diseases. Despite the frequency of GAS carriage, few investigations into the contributory molecular mechanisms exist. To this end, we identified a naturally occurring polymorphism in the gene encoding the streptococcal collagen-like protein A (SclA) in GAS carrier strains. All previously sequenced invasive serotype M3 GAS possess a premature stop codon in the sclA gene truncating the protein. The carrier polymorphism is predicted to restore SclA function and was infrequently identified by targeted DNA sequencing in invasive strains of the same serotype. We demonstrate that a strain with the carrier sclA allele expressed a full-length SclA protein, while the strain with the invasive sclA allele expressed a truncated variant. An isoallelic mutant invasive strain with the carrier sclA allele exhibited decreased virulence in a mouse model of invasive disease and decreased multiplication in human blood. Further, the isoallelic invasive strain with the carrier sclA allele persisted in the mouse nasopharynx and had increased adherence to cultured epithelial cells. Repair of the premature stop codon in the invasive sclA allele restored the ability to bind the extracellular matrix proteins laminin and cellular fibronectin. These data demonstrate that a mutation in GAS carrier strains increases adherence and decreases virulence and suggest selection against increased adherence in GAS invasive isolates. 相似文献